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The austerity measures have been demanded by the EU, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Central Bank (ECB) - the so-called Troika - as a condition for handing over a further loan. The agreement will unlock the latest 130bn euros (£108bn; $171bn) in bailout loans and allow a further 100bn-euro write-off of the country's debt to private banks.

     Jean-Claude TrichetMr. Trichet, 68, is said to have lost his cool with a reporter who asked whether Germany should abandon the euro and return to the mark as Europe’s debt crisis roils markets and spooks voters. Almost 13 years after its demise, the Deutsche mark retains enough potency to haunt Jean-Claude Trichet’s final days as European Central Bank president.

European institutions are close to finalizing the second reading of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED). CEFIC, the European Chemical Industry Council, supports the objectives of the Directive. CEFIC, suggests the Directive “would be more effective in ensuring sustainable environmental protection if it took greater account of different local needs and circumstances.

When the German refugee aid organization Pro Asyl was founded 25 years ago, most refugees were arriving from Eastern Europe. They were fleeing socialist dictatorships or wars in the disintegrating Yugoslavia, and they applied for asylum in Germany. In the words of the Pro Aysl chairman Juergen Micksch, the refugees were “harbingers”